Boundary Objects in Practice: Business Incubators as Translation Devices

Authors

  • Aaron Pacheco Indiana University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22439/jba.v15i2.7635

Abstract

Business incubators have become central organizations within global entrepreneurial ecosystems, and their intermediary position between local entrepreneurs and multinationals calls for closer, more nuanced examination. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in Santiago, Chile, this article analyzes how incubators function as boundary objects that translate global entrepreneurial norms into locally situated practices. The article focuses on everyday activities and experiences, such as events, coworking environments, and programming, to study how incubators encourage entrepreneurs to adopt standardized vocabularies, expectations, and views associated with global investment culture. Through these processes, incubators organize participation, highlight specific forms of entrepreneurship, and establish shared frameworks among diverse actors. Rather than treating these dynamics as fixed or unidirectional, this article views them as translation practices that are continually adjusted as entrepreneurs respond to or reinterpret global standards within their own contexts. At the same time, translation operates as an ongoing, negotiated process through which entrepreneurial practices gain meaning across global and local settings.

References

ALIDE (2021). Emprendimiento e Innovación En Chile: Programas de La Corporación de Fomento de La Producción (CORFO). Corporación de Fomento de la Producción de Chile.

Aquino, F. and Gainza, X. (2014). “Understanding Density in an Uneven City, Santiago de Chile: Implications for Social and Environmental Sustainability.” Sustainability 6(9): 5876-5897. https://doi.org/10.3390/su6095876

Benavente, J. M. (2006). “The Role of Research and Innovation in Promoting Productivity in Chile.” Economics of Innovation and New Technology 15(4-5): 301-315. https://doi.org/10.1080/10438590500512794

Callon, M. (1986). “The Sociology of an Actor-Network: The Case of the Electric Vehicle.” In M. Callon, J. Law, and A. Rip (eds.), Mapping the Dynamics of Science and Technology: Sociology of Science in the Real World (pp. 19-34). London: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07408-2_2

Clark, C. and Brennan, L. (2012). “Entrepreneurship with Social Value: A Conceptual Model for Performance Measurement.” Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal 18(2): 17-40. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Entrepreneurship-with-Social-Value%3A-A-Conceptual-Clark-Brennan/17a94235fa168f25c6e9235b7e44376f9d3cd94c

CORFO (2023). “Corfo pone en marcha nuevas incubadoras de negocios regionales en 2023.” (January 23). https://corfo.cl/sites

CORFO (2024). “Start-Up Chile selecciona 50 emprendimientos tecnológicos para su nueva generación.” CORFO. https://www.corfo.cl

CORFO (2025). “Emprendimiento ¿Qué hacemos?” CORFO. https://www.corfo.cl

Ferguson, J. (2006). Global Shadows: Africa in the Neoliberal World Order. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822387640

Flanschger, A., Heinzelmann, R., and Messner, M. (2023). “Between Consultation and Control: How Incubators Perform a Governance Function for Entrepreneurial Firms.” Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 36(9): 86-107. https://doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ-09-2020-4950

Foucault, M. (1991). “Governmentality.” In G. Burchell, C. Gordon, and P. Miller (eds.), The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality (pp. 87-104). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Gluesing, J. C. (2018). “Using Boundary Objects to Facilitate Culture Change and Integrate a Global Top Management Team.” Journal of Business Anthropology 7(1): 32-50. https://doi.org/10.22439/jba.v7i1.5491

Godin, B. (2015). “Innovation: From the Forbidden to a Cliché.” Journal of Business Anthropology 4(2): 219-227. https://doi.org/10.22439/jba.v4i2.4892

GrowthMentor (2025). “Start-Up Chile Startup Accelerator | Stories from Founders in the Program.” Growth Tonic LLC. https://www.growthmentor.com/startup-accelerators/start-up-chile/

Huising, R. and Silbey, S. S. (2021). “Accountability Infrastructures: Pragmatic Compliance inside Organizations.” Regulation & Governance 15(S1). https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.12419

Huvila, I. (2011). “The Politics of Boundary Objects: Hegemonic Interven-tions and the Making of a Document.” Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 62(12): 2528-2539. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.21639

Isenberg, D. J. (2010). “How to Start an Entrepreneurial Revolution.” Harvard Business Review (June).

Jiménez, A. and Zheng, Y. (2021). “Unpacking the Multiple Spaces of Innovation Hubs.” The Information Society 37(3): 163-176. https://doi.org/10.1080/01972243.2021.1897913

Jirón, P. and Mansilla, P. (2014). “Las Consecuencias Del Urbanismo Fragmentador En La Vida Cotidiana de Habitantes de La Ciudad de Santiago de Chile.” EURE (Santiago) 40(121): 5-28. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0250-71612014000300001

Kayanan, C. M. (2022). “A Critique of Innovation Districts: Entrepreneurial Living and the Burden of Shouldering Urban Development.” Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 54(1): 50-66. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X211049445

Knapp, M. T. and Sawy, A. (2021). “Coworking Spaces in Small Cities and Rural Areas: A Qualitative Study from an Operator and User Perspective.” In M. Orel, O. Dvouletý, and V. Ratten (eds.), The Flexible Workplace (pp. 113-130). Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62167-4_7

Latour, B. (1987). Science in Action: How to Follow Scientists and Engineers through Society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Lidow, D. (2017). “An Urgent Need for More Ethnographic Study of Business Creation.” Journal of Business Anthropology 6(2): 127-132. https://doi.org/10.22439/jba.v6i2.5425

Liu, O. Y. (2024). “To Be ‘Entrepreneured’: An Ethnographic Study of Tech Entrepreneurship Competitions in China.” Journal of Business Anthropology 13(1): 33-53. https://doi.org/10.22439/jba.v13i1.7151

Mardones, C. and Zapata, A. (2018). “Determinants of Public Funding for Innovation in Chilean Firms.” Contaduría y Administración 64(1): 89. https://doi.org/10.22201/fca.24488410e.2018.1602

Mariotti, I., Pacchi, C., and Di Vita, S. (2017). “Co-Working Spaces in Milan: Location Patterns and Urban Effects.” Journal of Urban Technology 24(3): 47-66. https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2017.1311556

Massey, D. B., Quintas, P., and Wield, D. (1992). High-Tech Fantasies: Science Parks in Society, Science, and Space. London and New York: Rutledge.

McEwan, C., Mawdsley, E., Banks, G., and Scheyvens, R. (2017). “Enrolling the Private Sector in Community Development: Magic Bullet or Sleight of Hand?” Development and Change 48(1): 28-53. https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.12283

Nicolini, D., Mengis, J., and Swan, J. (2012). “Understanding the Role of Objects in Cross-Disciplinary Collaboration.” Organization Science 23(3): 612-629. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1110.0664

Nordling, N., Thomas, E., Pugh, R., and Hermann, R. R. (2020). “Multinational Companies’ Roles in Start-up Incubation Ecosystems: The Case of Microsoft Innovation Centers in Brazil.” In A. Novotny, E. Ras-mussen, T. H. Clausen, and J. Wiklund (eds.), Research Handbook on Start-Up Incubation Ecosystems (pp. 273-284). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788973533.00022

Novotny, A., Rasmussen, E., Clausen, T. H., and Wiklund, J. (eds). (2020). Research Handbook on Start-Up Incubation Ecosystems. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788973533

Otero, G., Volker, B., and Rozer, J. (2022). “Space and Social Capital: Social Contacts in a Segregated City.” Urban Geography 43(10): 1638-1661. https://doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2021.1950982

Pacheco, A. J., Braekkan, K., and Albaum, S. (2021). “Applying Geographic Models to Examine the Impact of Gross Domestic Product as a Proxy for Economic Well-Being.” Journal of Applied Economics and Busi-ness 9(4): 65-88. http://www.aebjournal.org/article090404.php

Primo, M. A. M. and Paiva, E. L. (2024). “Tech Hub Entrepreneurial Training to Low-Income Communities: Evidence from Brazil.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 203(June): 123401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123401

Rice, M. P. and Noyes, E. (2021). “Incubators as Catalysts in Entrepreneurship Ecosystems.” In S. A. Mian, M. Klofsten, and W. Lamine (eds.), Handbook of Research on Business and Technology Incubation and Acceleration (pp. 111-123). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788974783.00014

Shore, C. and Wright, S. (2015). “Governing by Numbers: Audit Culture, Rankings and the New World Order.” Social Anthropology 23(1): 22-28. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-8676.12098

Star, S. L. and Griesemer, J. R. (1989). “Institutional Ecology, ‘Translations’ and Boundary Objects: Amateurs and Professionals in Berkeley’s Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, 1907-39.” Social Studies of Science 19(3): 387-420. https://doi.org/10.1177/030631289019003001

Start-Up Chile (2025a). “¿Qué Es Lo Que Buscamos?” https://startupchile.org/postula/

Start-Up Chile (2025b). “I Didn’t Make It to Start-Up Chile. What Now? – Start-Up Chile.” Application Process (February 19). https://startupchile.org/en/blog/i-didnt-make-it-to-start-up-chile-what-now/

Valenzuela Blejer, L. and Blanco Moya, J. P. (2010). “The Unplanned Creative City: An Emerging Sustainability? Crossroads between Education and Innovation in Santiago, Chile.” International Journal of Sustainable Development 13(1/2): 58-68. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSD.2010.035099

Van Rijnsoever, F. J. (2020). “Meeting, Mating, and Intermediating: How Incubators Can Overcome Weak Network Problems in Entrepreneurial Ecosystems.” Research Policy 49(1): 103884. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2019.103884

Wilf, E. (2020). “‘The Closed-World Principle’: Corporations and the Metaculture of Newness via Oldness.” Journal of Business Anthropology 9(1): 1-18. https://doi.org/10.22439/jba.v9i1.5961

Downloads

Published

2026-10-29

Issue

Section

Research Articles