Imagining Foucault. On the digital subject and “visual citizenship”
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22439/fs.v0i0.5339Nøgleord:
egimes of visibility, surveillance, algorithms, refusalResumé
One of the most exciting features in Foucault’s work is his analytics of power in terms of forms of visibility. It allows for a reflection on the conditions of seeing and thinking, thus triggering a seemingly paradoxical move: locating the limits of our perspectives entails simultaneously transgressing these limits. In a way, we decipher our own blind spot. Approaching Discipline and Punish through this perspective brings us to identify the digital subject as a characteristic figure of our time. In contrast to its disciplinarian counterpart, it appears to be an active, though not necessarily political subject. The notion of visual citizenship will help us to go a step further and figure out what it could mean to challenge today’s surveilling gaze.Referencer
Amoore, Louise. 2007. "Vigilant Visualities: The Watchful Politics in the War on Terror.", Security Dialogue (Special Issue on Securitization, Militarization and Visual Culture in the Worlds of Post-9/11) 38(2):215-232. https://doi.org/10.1177/0967010607078526
Amoore, Louise. 2011. "Data Derivatives: On the Emergence of a Security Risk Calculus for Our Times." Theory Culture Society 28(6):24-43. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276411417430
Andersen, Rune S., and Frank Möller. 2013. "Engaging the limits of visibility: Photography, security and surveillance." Security Dialogue 44(3):203-221. https://doi.org/10.1177/0967010613484955
Aradau, Claudia, and Tobias Blanke. 2015. "The (Big) Data-security assemblage: Knowledge and critique." Big Data & Society 2(2):1-12. https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951715609066
Aradau, Claudia. 2010. "Security That matters: Critical Infrastructure and Objects of Protection." Security Dialogue 41(5):491-514. https://doi.org/10.1177/0967010610382687
Aradau, Claudia. 2015. "The signature of security. Big data, anticipation, surveillance." Radical Philosophy 191(may / june):21-28.
Barad, Karen. 2003. "Posthumanist Performativity: Toward an Understanding of How Matter Comes to Matter." Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 28(3):801-831. https://doi.org/10.1086/345321
Bauman, Zygmunt, and David Lyon. 2013. Liquid Surveillance: A Conversation. Cambridge: Polity.
Bauman, Zygmunt, and Didier Bigo and Paulo Esteves and Elspeth Guild and Vivienne Jabri and David Lyon and R. B. J. Walker. 2014. "After Snowden: Rethinking the Impact of Surveillance." International Political Sociology 8(2):121-144. https://doi.org/10.1111/ips.12048
Birchall, Clare. 2014. "Aesthetics of the Secret", New Formations 83, 25-46. https://doi.org/10.3898/NeWf.83.03.2014
Boyd, Danah and Kate Crawford. 2012. "Critical Questions for Big Data." Information, Communication and Society 15:5, 662–679. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2012.678878
Burrell, Janna. 2016. "How the machine 'thinks': Understanding opacity in machine learning algorithms." Big Data & Society 3(1):1-12. https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951715622512
Butler, Judith. 1997. The Psychic Life of Power. Theories of Subjection. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Clough, Patricia Ticineto, and Karen Gregory and Benjamin Haber and R. Joshua Scannell. 2015. "The Datalogical Turn." In Non-Representational Methodologies. Re-Envisioning Research, edited by Vannini, Philipp, 146-164. New York, London: Routledge.
DeLanda, Manuel. 2006. A New Philosophy of Society. Assemblage Theory and Social Complexity. London, New York: continuum.
Deleuze, Gilles. 1992. "Societies of Control." October 59:3-7.
Deleuze, Gilles. 1999. Foucault. Translated and edited by Seán Hand. London: continuum.
Deleuze, Gilles. 2004. "How Do We Recognise Structuralism?" in Desert Islands and Other Texts 1953-1974, trans. David Lapoujade, pp. 170–192. Los Angeles, New York: Semiotext(e).
Deleuze, Gilles. 1995. "Breaking Things Open, Breaking Words Open," in Negotiations 1972-1990. New York: Columbia University Press, 83-93.
Deleuze, Gilles. 1998. "Bartleby; Or, The Formula." In Essays Critical and Clinical, trans. Daniel W. Smith and Michael A. Greco. London and New York: Verso.
Dillon, Michael 2007. "Governing Terror: The State of Emergency of Biopolitical Emergence." International Political Sociology 1: 7-28. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-5687.2007.00002.x
Ewald, François. 1990. Norms, discipline and the law." Representations 30:138-161. https://doi.org/10.1525/rep.1990.30.1.99p0352s
Foucault, Michel. 2001. Fearless Speech, edited by Joseph Pearson. Los Angeles, CA: Semiotext(e).
Foucault, Michel. 1977. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. Translated by Alan Sheridan. London: Allen Lane.
Foucault, Michel. 1991. Questions of Method." In The Foucault Effect. Studies in Governmentality, edited by Graham Burchell, Colin Gordon, and Peter Miller, 73-86. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Foucault, Michel. 1997. "The Ethics of the Concern of the Self as a Practice of Freedom." In Ethics: Subjectivity and Truth. Essential Works of Foucault 1954-1984, edited by James Faubion. New York: The New Press.
Foucault, Michel. 2000. "The Subject and Power." In Power, edited by James D. Faubion, 326-48. New York: The New Press.
Foucault, Michel. 2001 [1978]. "La philosophie analytique de la politique," in Dits et écrits II, 1976-1988, edited by Daniel Defert and Francois Ewald. Paris: Gallimard, 540-541.
Foucault, Michel. 2003. Society Must Be Defended: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1975-76. Translated by David Macey. New York: Picador.
Foucault, Michel. 2007. Security, Territory, Population: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1977-78. Translated by Graham Burchell. Hampshire/New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Galloway, Alexander R. 2006. Protocol. How Control Exists after Decentralization. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
Galloway, Alexander R. 2011a. "Are Some Things Unrepresentable?" Theory, Culture & Society 28(7):85-102. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276411423038
Galloway, Alexander R. 2011b. "Black Box. Schwarzer Block." In Die technologische Bedingung. Beiträge zur Beschreibung der technischen Welt, edited by Erich Hörl, 267-280. Berlin: Suhrkamp.
Galloway, Alexander R., and Eugene Thacker. 2007. The Exploit: A Theory of Networks. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Gates, Kelly, and Shoshona Magnet, eds., 2009. The New Media of Surveillance, New York: Routledge.
González Fuster, Gloria, and Rocco Bellanova, Raphaël Gellert. 2015. "Nurturing Ob-Scene Politics: Surveillance BetweenIn/Visibility and Dis-Appearance." Surveillance & Society 13(3/4):512-527.
Haggerty, Kevin D., and Richard V. Ericson. 2000. "The surveillant assemblage." British Journal of Sociology 51(4):605-622. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071310020015280
Hansen, Mark B. N., "Foucault and Media. A Missed Encounter?" The South Atlantic Quarterly, 111:3 (2012): 497-528. https://doi.org/10.1215/00382876-1596254
Hempel, Leon and Susanne Krasmann, and Ulrich Bröckling, eds., 2011. Sichtbarkeitsregime. Überwachung, Sicherheit und Privatheit im 21. Jahrhundert, Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften | Springer.
Hörl, Erich. 2011. Die technologische Bedingung: Zur Einführung." In Die technologische Bedingung. Beiträge zur Beschreibung der technischen Welt, edited by Erich Hörl, 7-53. Berlin: Suhrkamp.
Horn, Eva. 2011. "Logics of Political Secrecy." Theory, Culture & Society 28(7-8):103-122. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276411424583
Isin, Engin, and Evelyn Ruppert. 2015: Being Digital Citizens. New York: Rowman & Littlefield International.
Kammerer, Dietmar. 2008. Bilder der Überwachung. Frankfurt/M.: Suhrkamp.
Kelly, Mark G. E. 2015. "Discipline is Control: Foucault contra Deleuze." New Formations 84/85:148-162. https://doi.org/10.3898/NewF:84/85.07.2015
Krasmann, Susanne. 2016. "'A taste for the secret': Moment-Aufnahmen einer Soziologie des politischen Geheimnisses." Leviathan 44:4, 491-514. https://doi.org/10.5771/0340-0425-2016-4-491
Lash, Scott. 2007. "Power after Hegemony. Cultural Studies in Mutation?" Theory, Culture & Society 24(3):55–78. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276407075956
Lemke, Thomas. 2015. "New Materialisms: Foucault and the 'Government of Things'." Theory, Culture & Society 32:4, 3-25. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276413519340
Lyon, David. 2016. Surveillance after Snowden. Cambridge, Malden: Polity.
Mayer-Schönberger, Viktor and Kenneth Cukier. 2013. Big Data. A Revolution That Will Transform How We Live, Work and Think. London: John Murray.
Marchart, Oliver. 2013. Das unmögliche Objekt. Eine postfundamentalistische Theorie der Gesellschaft. Frankfurt/M.: Berlin.
Matzner, Tobias. 2016. "Beyond data as representation: The performativity of Big Data in surveillance." Surveillance & Society 14(2): 197-210.
Mirzoeff, Nicholas. 2011. "The right to look." Critical Inquiry 37(3):473-496. https://doi.org/10.1086/659354
Murakami Wood, David 2015. "Vanishing Surveillance: Ghost-Hunting in the Ubiquitous Surveillance Society." In Invisibility Studies. Surveillance, Transparency and the Hidden in Contemporary Culture edited by Henriette Steiner and Kristin Veel, 281-300. Bern: Peter Lang.
Murakami Wood, David, and Steve Wright. 2015. "Editorial: Before and After Snowden." Surveillance & Society 13(2):132-138. https://doi.org/10.3828/sj.2015.24.3.1
Nancy, Jean-Luc. 2000. Being Singular Plural. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Nissenbaum, Helen. 2011. "A Contextual Approach to Privacy Online." Daedalus 140(4):32-48. https://doi.org/10.1162/DAED_a_00113
Penney, Jon "Chilling Effects: Online Surveillance and Wikipedia Use." Berkeley Technology Law Journal 31: 117-201, available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2769645.
Rajchman, John. 1991. Foucault's Art of Seeing." In Philosophical Events. Philosophical Essays of the 80s, edited by John Rajchman, 68-102. New York/Oxford: Columbia University Press.
Rancière, Jacques. 1998. Disagreement. Politics and Philosophy. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Rancière, Jacques. 2009. The Emancipated Spectator. London & New York: Verso.
Reigeluth, Tyler. 2014. "Why data is not enough: Digital traces as control of self and self-control." Surveillance & Society 12(2):243-354.
Rouvroy, Antioinette. 2016. "'Of Data and Men'. Fundamental Rights and Freedoms in a World of Bid Data." Council of Europe, Directorate General of Human Rights and Rule of Law, T-PD-BUR(2015)09REV, Strasbourg.
Simone, AbdouMaliq. 2001. "On the Worlding of African Cities." African Studies Review 44:2, 15-41.
Simpson, Zachary, "The Truths We Tell Ourselves: Foucault on Parrhesia." Foucault Studies, 13 (2012): 99-115. https://doi.org/10.22439/fs.v0i13.3461
Stäheli, Urs. 2013. Entnetzt euch!. Praktiken und Ästhetiken der Anschlusslosigkeit." Mittelweg 36 22(4):3-28.
Steiner, Henriette and Kristin Veel, eds., 2015. Invisibility Studies. Surveillance, Transparency and the Hidden in Contemporary Culture. Bern: Peter Lang.
Telesca, Jennifer "Preface: What Is Visual Citizenship?" Humanity. An International Journal of Human Rights 4:3 (2013): 339-343.
Tellmann, Ute, Sven Opitz and Urs Staeheli. 2012. "Operations of the global: explorations of connectivity." Distinktion: Scandinavian Journal of Social Theory, 13:3, 209-214. https://doi.org/10.1080/1600910X.2012.728359
Valverde, Mariana. 1996. ,Despotism' and ethical liberal governance." Economy and Society 25(3):357-372. https://doi.org/10.1080/03085149600000019
Weber, Max "The power position of bureaucracy" in From MaxWeber: Essays in Sociology, ed. Hans Heinrich Gerth and C. Wright Mills (New York: Oxford University Press, 1946), pp. 232–235
Weiner, Jonah. 2012. "Prying Eyes. Trevor Paglen makes Art out of government secrets." The New Yorker, October 22.
Downloads
Publiceret
Citation/Eksport
Nummer
Sektion
Licens
Authors retain copyright to their work, but assign the right of the first publication to Foucault Studies. The work is subject to a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license, but despite these restrictions, authors can take for granted that Foucault Studies will permit articles published in Foucault Studies to be translated or reprinted in another format such as a book providing a full reference is made to Foucault Studies as the original place of publication.
