Genealogy as an Ethic of Self-determination: Husserl and Foucault
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.22439/fs.i36.7225Mots-clés :
Husserl, Foucault, genealogy, self-determination, phenomenologyRésumé
The way in which Foucault confronts Husserl helps to highlight the instance that drives Foucauldian research and its current legacy. Foucault inscribes his work through Husserl within a broader tradition, namely, that of the critical thinking that has crossed all of modernity from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment and up to phenomenology. His main legacy can be identified precisely in the way he relaunches and radicalises this tradition by intensifying its critical gaze.
We will follow the steps of The Crisis of European Sciences to evoke the underlying purposes of Husserl's work, showing how his genealogical analysis of scientific knowledge, as a mix of historically determined practices, is guided by the ethical aim of self-determination. Later we will show how Foucault takes up this instance in a completely original way, and we will analyse which analogies and differences can be traced between the two authors’ approaches to the problem of an individual's self-determination in his relationship with the network of knowledge-power in which he is immersed. In fact, both authors consider that there can be no emancipation and self-determination of the individual without a preliminary historical-critical retrospective on knowledge and on the ways in which its contents have been constituted. But this retrospective, which we could define generically as genealogical (genetic-phenomenological in Husserl's terms), is played out differently by the two authors and implemented by Foucault with a greater degree of radicalism.
Références
Basso, Elisabetta, Michel Foucault e la Daseinanalyse: Un'indagine metodologica. Milano: Mimesis, 2007.
Butler, Judith, The Psychic Life of Power: Theories in Subjection. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781503616295
Caruso, Paolo, Conversazioni con Lévi-Strauss, Foucault e Lacan. Milano: Mursia, 1969.
Costa, Vincenzo, Il cerchio e l'ellisse. Husserl e il darsi delle cose. Soveria Mannelli: Rubbettino, 2007.
Dreyfus, Hubert L., and Paul Rabinow, eds., Michel Foucault: Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1982. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226154534.001.0001
Eribon, Didier, Michel Foucault (1962-1984). Paris: Flammarion, 1989.
Foucault, Michel, The Birth of the Clinic: An Archaeology of Medical Perception [1963]. London: Routledge, 2003.
Foucault, Michel, The Archaeology of Knowledge [1966], trans. A. M. Sheridan Smith. London and New York: Routledge, 2002.
Foucault, Michel, The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences [1966]. London: Routledge, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-05194-3_5
Foucault, Michel, "On the archaeology of the sciences: response to the epistemology circle" [1968], in Aesthetics, Method and Epistemology, ed. J. Faubion, 297-333. New York: New Press, 1998.
Foucault, Michel, "Introduction par Michel Foucault" [1978], in Dits et écrits III, 429-442. Paris: Gallimard, 1994.
Foucault, Michel, "How much does it cost to tell the truth?" [1983], in Foucault Live (Interviews, 1961-1984), 348-362. New York: Semiotext(e), 1996.
Foucault, Michel, L'usage des plaisirs. Paris: Gallimard, 1984.
Foucault, Michel, "The Return of Morality" [1984], in Foucault Live (Interviews, 1961-1984), 465-473. New York: Semiotext(e), 1996.
Foucault, Michel, "What is Enlightenment?," in The Foucault Reader, ed. P. Rabinow, 32-50. New York: Pantheon Books, 1984.
Foucault, Michel, "Life: experience and science" [1985], in Aesthetics, Method and Epistemolo-gy, ed. J. Faubion, 465-478. New York: New Press, 1998.
Foucault, Michel, "What is critique?" [1990], in The Politics of Truth, 23-82. New York: Se-miotext(e), 1997.
Foucault, Michel, Essential Works of Michel Foucault 1954-1984 Volume 3: Power. New York: The New Press, 2001.
Foucault, Michel, "Les confessions de Michel Foucault. Propos recueillis par Roger-Pol Droit," Le Point 1659 (2004). http://1libertaire.free.fr/Foucault40.html (accessed September 28, 2023)
Han, Béatrice, Foucault's Critical Project: Between the Transcendental and the Historical [1998], trans. Edward Pile. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2002.
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, The Phenomenology of Spirit [1807], ed. T. Pinkard. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018.
Husserl, Edmund, The Crisis of European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology [1959]. Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1970.
Husserl, Edmund, Cartesian Meditations: An Introduction to Phenomenology [1931]. New York: Springer, 1960. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-4952-7
Husserl, Edmund, L'origine de la géométrie. Introduction et traduction par Jacques Derrida. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1962.
Husserl, Edmund, "Umsturz der koperkanischen Lehre in der gewöhnlichen weltanschauli-chen Interpretation" [1934], in Philosophical Essays in Memory of Edmund Husserl, ed. Marvin Farber, 307-325. New York: Greenwood Press, 1940.
Koopman, Colin, "Historical Critique or Transcendental Critique in Foucault: Two Kantian Lineages," Foucault Studies 8 (2010), 100-121. https://doi.org/10.22439/fs.v0i8.2934
Koopman, Colin, "Historical Conditions or Transcendental Conditions: Response to Kevin Thompson's Response," Foucault Studies 8 (2010), 129-135. https://doi.org/10.22439/fs.v0i8.2936
Koopman, Colin, "Appropriation and Permission in the History of Philosophy: Response to McQuillan," Foucault Studies 9 (2010), 156-164. https://doi.org/10.22439/fs.v0i9.3064
Leoni, Federico, Senso e crisi. Del corpo, del mondo, del ritmo. Pisa: Ets, 2005.
Mallet, Marie-Louise, and Ginette Michaud, eds., Derrida. Paris: L'Herne, 2004.
McQuillan, Colin, "Transcendental Philosophy and Critical Philosophy in Kant and Foucault: Response to Colin," Foucault Studies 9 (2010), 145-155. https://doi.org/10.22439/fs.v0i9.3063
Oksala, Johanna, Foucault on Freedom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511597923
Pico della Mirandola, Giovanni, On the Dignity of Man; On Being and the One; Heptaplus, trans. Charles Wallis, Paul Miller and Douglas Carmichael. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1965.
Redaelli, Enrico, L'incanto del dispositivo. Foucault dalla microfisica alla semiotica del potere. Pisa: ETS, 2011.
Terzi, Roberto, Il tempo del mondo. Husserl, Heidegger, Patočka. Catanzaro: Rubbettino, 2009.
Thompson, Kevin, "Historicity and Transcendentality: Foucault, Cavaillès, and the Pheno-menology of the Concept," History and Theory 47:1 (2008), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2303.2008.00432.x
Thompson, Kevin, "Response to Colin Koopman's 'Historical Critique or Transcendental Critique in Foucault: Two Kantian Lineages'," Foucault Studies 8 (2010), 122-128. https://doi.org/10.22439/fs.v0i8.2935
Willaert, Thijs, Postcolonial Studies After Foucault: Discourse, Discipline, Biopower, and Governmentality as Travelling Concepts, PhD dissertation, University of Giessen, 2012.
Téléchargements
Publié-e
Comment citer
Numéro
Rubrique
Licence
Cette œuvre est sous licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale - Pas de Modification 4.0 International.
Authors retain copyright to their work, but assign the right of the first publication to Foucault Studies. The work is subject to a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license, but despite these restrictions, authors can take for granted that Foucault Studies will permit articles published in Foucault Studies to be translated or reprinted in another format such as a book providing a full reference is made to Foucault Studies as the original place of publication.
