Republikaneren, multikulturalisten og de to nationalister: National identitet samt social og politisk sammenhængskraft i Danmark
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22439/dansoc.v29i2.5751Nøgleord:
national identitet, nationalisme, social sammenhængskraft, republikanisme, multikulturalismeResumé
Denne artikel undersøger på basis af en ny spørgeskemaundersøgelse fra 2014 danskernes forestillinger om de værdier, der bør kendetegne et nationalt fællesskab. Vha. faktoranalyse og latent class analysis knyttes de empiriske skillelinjer og positioner efterfølgende an til forskellige indikatorer for social tillid, solidaritet, »politisk kultur«, samt national stolthed og opfattelsen af at dele værdier med andre danskere (foruden typiske socioøkonomiske variable). Resultaterne indikerer blandt andet, at national stolthed eller opfattelsen af at dele værdier ikke hænger positivt sammen med tillid og solidaritet, idet dette i den danske kontekst er forbundet med en mere nationalistisk orientering. Den latente klasseanalyse understreger, at konservativ nationalisme og multikulturalisme kun kunne beskrive omkring halvdelen af den danske befolkning på undersøgelsestidspunktet. I tilgift ser vi også liberal nationalisme og republikanisme. I denne analyse ser vi blandt andet forskellige varianter af høj national stolthed, som tenderer til at være enten republikansk eller konservativ nationalistisk. Den ene er forbundet positivt med tillid og solidaritet, mens den anden er negativt forbundet. Ligeledes er den konservative nationalisme forbundet med en utilfredshed med demokratiet i forhold til alle de tre andre grupper. ENGELSK ABSTRACT Kristian Kongshøj: The Republican, the Multiculturalist and the two Nationalists: National identity and social and political cohesion in Denmark This article investigates Danish normative ideas regarding the values that should characterize national identity. It is based on a survey from 2014. The study employs factor analysis and latent class analysis to examine empirical cleavages. These are then related to indicators of social trust, solidarity, political culture, national pride and sharing values. The results indicate, among other things, that national pride and the perception of sharing values with others are not by themselves positively associated with trust and solidarity, since these are also associated with nationalism. The latent class analysis shows that conservative nationalism and multiculturalism can only describe about half of the Danish population. In addition, we identify two other groups of liberal nationalists and republicans. In this analysis, we see that high national pride tends to be either republican or conservative nationalist. The former is positively associated with trust and solidarity, while the other is negatively associated with these factors. In addition conservative nationalism is associated with dissatisfaction with democracy. Keywords: National identity, nationalism, social cohesion, republicanism, multiculturalism.Referencer
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