Strategies of action among young people on the edge of Danish society
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22439/dansoc.v30i1.6025Keywords:
Marginalized youth, at risk youth, youth research, coping strategies, risk factorAbstract
The increase in marginalised young people in Denmark points to a need not
only for political initiatives, but also for more knowledge. Most of the knowledge that we have about this group of young people is characterised by its focus on risk factors and its focus on measures to prevent or alleviate marginalisation. This means that we have information about marginalised youth in relation to substance abuse, to homelessness, mental health issues, etc. while we
lack knowledge of how young people create coherence and meaning in their
lives despite or with these factors. Youth research offers an interdisciplinary,
theoretical and methodological approach to young peoples’ lives, focusing
on their perspectives. In this article, we present an analysis of marginalised
youth and their everyday life at the margins of Danish society. We employ the
concept of ‘action strategies’ to enable analyses examining the individual’s
patterns of action, while situating these in their life situations. In the analysis, we find three strategies: mistrust strategy, isolation strategy and value
strategy. Using insights from youth research, we are able to develop a more
detailed, nuanced picture of young people at the margins of Danish society.
References
Andersen, J. & Larsen, J.E. 1989: Fattigdom i velfærdsstaten København: Samfundslitteratur.
Andersen, S.H., Jensen, B., Nielsen, B.W. & Skaksen, J.R. 2017: Hvad vi ved om udsatte unge – Historik, omfang og årsager. København: Gyldendal. https://doi.org/10.7146/aul.283.198
Bak, C.K. 2004: Demokratisering og individualisering af fattigdommen? – En kvantitativ og kvalitativ belysning af fattigdommen i Danmark. P.hd. afhanling. København: Københavns Universitet, Sociologisk Institut. https://doi.org/10.22439/dansoc.v15i4.272
Cooper, C.L. 1981: The Stress Check. Coping with stresses of life and work. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
Ejrnæs, M., Hansen, H. & Larsen, J.E. 2010: Levekår og coping – Ressourcer, tilpasning og strategi blandt modtagere af de laveste sociale ydelser. København: CASA Center for Alternativ Samfundsanalyse
Ejrnæs, M., Larsen, J.E. & Müller, M. 2013: »Fattigdom og overlevelsesstrategier«. Dansk Sociologi, (1/24), 97-121. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/dansoc.v24i1.4346
Ejrnæs, M., Müller, M. & Andersen, J. 2010: Livet på de laveste sociale ydelser – En kvalitativ undersøgelse om livsbetingelser og copingstrategier. København: CASA Center for Alternativ Samfundsanalyse
Fog, J. 1979: Kvindelige industriarbejderes hverdagsliv – belyst ved interview. Lavindkomstkommissionen
Follesø, R. 2015: »Youth at risk or terms at risk?«. Young, 23(3), 240-253. https://doi.org/10.1177/1103308815584877
Foster, K.R., & Dale S. 2001: »At risk of what? Possibilities over probabilities in the study of young lives.« Journal of Youth Studies 14.1: 125-143. https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2010.506527
France, A. 2007: Understanding youth in late modernity. Maidenhead: Open University Press.
Illeris, K., Katznelson, N., Nielsen, J.C., Simonsen, B. & Sørensen, N.U. 2009: Ungdomsliv. Mellem individualisering og standardisering. Frederiksberg: Samfundslitteratur.
Katznelson, N., Jørgensen, H.E.D & Sørensen, N.U. 2015: Hvem er de unge på kanten af det danske samfund? Om hverdagsliv, ungdomskultur og indsatser, der gør en positiv forskel. Aalborg: Aalborg Universitetsforlag.
Katznelson, N., Görlich, A. & Bjørkøe, K. (in press): Jobbro til uddannelse – Midtvejsevaluering, København: Center for Ungdomsforskning.
Kaul, H., & Kvande, E. 1991: »Mestring av arbeidsledighet.« Tidsskrift for samfunnsforskning 32.1: 3-21.
Kelly, P. 2000: »The dangerousness of youth-at-risk: The possibilities of surveillance and intervention in uncertain times«. Journal of adolescence, 23(4), 463-476. https://doi.org/10.1006/jado.2000.0331
Jannone, L., & O’Connell, K.A. 2007: »Coping strategies used by adolescents during smoking cessation«. The Journal of School Nursing : The Official Publication of the National Association of School Nurses, 23(3), 177–184. https://doi.org/10.1177/10598405070230030901
Lazarus, R.S. 1999: Stress and Emotion. A new Synthesis. New York: Springer.
Lazarus, R.S., & Folkman, S. 1984: Stress, Appriaisal and Coping. New York: Springer.
Lee, J.H. et al. 2017: »Profiles of Coping Strategies in Resilient Adolescents«. Psychological Reports, 120(1), 49–69. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294116677947
Leisering, L. & Leibfried, S. 1999: Time and Poverty in Western Welfare States. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0335.00003
Müller, M., Andersen, J., Ejrnæs, M. & Larsen, J.E. 2010: Livet på de laveste ydelser: en kvalitativ underøgelse om livsbetingelser og copingsstrategier. København: CASA Center for Alternativ Samfundsanalyse
Nielsen, J.C., Sørensen, N.U., Grubb, A. & Madsen, I.W. 2011: Når det er svært at være ung i DK: unges beretninger om mistrivsel og ungdomsliv. København: Center for Ungdomsforskning.
Pedersen, M.U. et al. 2017: »Effektiv behandling af unge, der misbruger rusmidler«. Tidsskrift for Stofmisbrugsområdet, 29, 4-11.
Pedersen, M.U. & Frederiksen, K.S. 2012: Unge der misbruger rusmidler. Århus: Center for Rusmiddelforskning, Aarhus Universitet.
Pless, M. & Sørensen, N.U. (red.). 2018: Ungeperspektiver – tænkninger og tilgange i ungdomsforskningen, Ålborg: Aalborg Universitetsforlag
Riele, K.T. 2006: »Youth ‘at risk’: further marginalizing the marginalized?«. Journal of education policy, 21(2), 129-145. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680930500499968
Rockwoolfondens Forskningsenhed. 2017: Hvad vi ved om udsatte unge. Historik, omfang og årsager. Retrieved from https://www.rockwoolfonden.dk/app/uploads/2017/10/Hvadved-vi-om-udsatte-unge.pdf. https://doi.org/10.7146/aul.283.198
Rådet for Socialt Udsatte. 2017: Årsrapport 2017 (Vol. 12). København. Retrieved from https://www.udsatte.dk/publikationer/87/arsrapport-2017
Scanlan, J.N., Bundy, A.C. & Matthews, L.R. 2011: »Promoting wellbeing in young unemployed adults: The importance of identifying meaningful patterns of time use«. Australian Occupation Therapy Journal, 58, 111-119. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1630.2010.00879.x
STAR. 2019: 10 kernelementer, jobbro til uddannelse. Retrieved from: https://www.star.dk/media/4669/one-pager-kerneelementer-v3.pdf
Statens Serum Institut. 2012: Forbruget af antidepressiva 2001-2011. København. Retrieved from https://www.ssi.dk/~/media/Indhold/DK – dansk/Aktuelt/Nyheder/AD_rapport_generel_2012_ver6.ashx
Sundhedsstyrelsen. 2018: Danskernes Sundhed – Den Nationale Sundhedsprofil 2017. Retrieved from http://sum.dk/Aktuelt/Nyheder/Forebyggelse/2018/marts/~/media/Filer20-20 Publikationer_i_pdf/2018/Sundhedsprofilen202017/Nationale_sundhedsprofil.pdf
Tyler, K.A., Schmitz, R.M. & Ray, C.M. 2017: »Role of Social Environmental Protective Factors on Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms Among Midwestern Homeless Youth«. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12326
Vera, E.M et al. 2012: »Subjective Well-Being in Urban, Ethnically Diverse Adolescents The Role of Stress and Coping«. Youth & Society, 44(3), 331–347. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X11401432
Wall, E. & Olofsson, A. 2008: »Young people making sense of risk: How meanings of risk are materialized within the social context of everyday life«. Young, 16(4), 431-448. https://doi.org/10.1177/110330880801600405.