Co-creation and co-production: An interdisciplinary conceptual exploration
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22439/dansoc.v31i2.6344Keywords:
Co-creation, co-production, co-creation, hermeneutics, systems theoryAbstract
In recent years, the two concepts of co-creation and co-production have become
key in project organization in the private and the public sectors in Denmark.
Yet, the conceptual and practical implications of the two concepts remain
unclear. Are they just a new tool that harnesses volunteerism to cut process
costs? This paper uses the results from a systematic literature search to
explore the interdisciplinary history of the two concepts. Co-production was
coined in political economy to study infrastructure and societal redistribution
of resources. Co-creation emerged in the literature on user-led innovation
and product development. The two concepts are translated into one word in
Danish, samskabelse. The literature search shows that the Danish concept of
samskabelse was used in two specific research fields before the more recent
surge of the concept began: in systems theoretical psychology and in anthropological
research on indigenous peoples’ religions. From these four fields of
origin, the paper suggests four basic assumptions in samskabelse: 1) Attention
to resources is necessary to understand incentives, 2) shared creativity leads
to innovation, 3) any collaboration is a system of relations, and 4) any collaboration
is situated in the contexts of all the partners. In conclusion, the paper
discusses how co-production and co-creation may be useful when partners
from different sectors or disciplines wish to collaborate.
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