Sundhedskompetencer som en sociokulturel ressource i sundhed
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22439/dansoc.v31i3.6431Nøgleord:
Sundhedskompetencer, indlejret kulturel kapital, Bourdieu, sociale kontekst, sociale netværk.Resumé
Formålet med denne artikel er at få introduceret begrebet »health literacy« (sundhedskompetencer på dansk) for en sociologisk interesseret læserskare. Begrebet har de seneste år fået større international bevågenhed i forskerkredse, hos World Health Organisation (WHO) og blandt sundhedsmyndigheder
i flere europæiske lande. Interessen blandt danske sundhedsmyndigheder er imidlertid meget beskeden, og der har hovedsageligt været et fokus i forskningen og begrebsudviklingen fra sundhedsfaglige forskere.
Sundhedskompetencer betragtes som en »social determinant« i sundhed, der kan bidrage til at få reduceret den sociale ulighed i sundhed de kommende år. Det er min overbevisning at sociologiske teorier og analyser kunne bidrage til en gunstig videreudvikling af begrebet i de kommende år. I artiklen argumenteres der for at begrebet bør indlejres i sociologisk teori og forstås som en »sociokulturel« ressource sundhed fremfor som en individuel, rationel adfærd med fokus på det enkelte individs evne til at finde, forstå, vurdere og anvende sundhedsinformationer. Dette fokus har fyldt mest i den eksisterende begrebsudvikling.
Bourdieus kapitalinteraktioner og særligt social og kulturel kapital kobles med Cockerhams kollektive livsstilsteori og bidrager med en forståelse af sundhedskompetencer som en sociokulturel ressource i sundhed. Artiklen inddrager resultater fra forskellige empiriske studier af, hvordan sundhedskompetencer spredes i sociale netværk, og hvordan kulturel kapital og kollektiv livsstil påvirker sundhedskompetencer.
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