Digital distanceledelse – det kræver mere end strøm at holde forbindelsen

Forfattere

  • Mathilde Winsløw Institut for Statskundskab, Aarhus Universitet
  • Caroline Howard Grøn Institut for Statskundskab, Aarhus Universitet

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22439/pgr.v8i0.6491

Nøgleord:

Digital distanceledelse, Offentlig ledelse, Digitalisering, Distance, Kompetencer

Resumé

Coronakrisen har sendt mange offentlige ledere på et crash course i at lede på distancen igennem digitale teknologier. Men det er uklart, hvad man præcist skal gøre for at lykkes. Det viser både dansk og international forskning. Ud fra en interviewundersøgelse belyser vi, hvilke muligheder og udfordringer offentlige ledere oplever, når de interagerer med deres medarbejdere digitalt på distancen. På den baggrund udvikler vi en ny konceptualisering af digital distanceledelse. Vi argumenterer for, at tre typer ledelsesadfærd tilsammen kan håndtere de muligheder og udfordringer, lederne oplever: styrkelse af digitale kompetencer samt tilrettelæggelse af rutiner og italesættelse af normer for digital interaktion på distancen.

Forfatterbiografier

Mathilde Winsløw, Institut for Statskundskab, Aarhus Universitet

Mathilde Albertsen Winsløw har en kandidat i Statskundskab fra Aarhus Universitet og er nu ph.d.-studerende samme sted. Som en del af forskningsprojektet REPLACE undersøger hun, hvordan offentlige ledere og medarbejdere kommunikerer igennem digitale teknologier, særligt når de er på distancen. Til det formål anvender Mathilde etnografiske metoder, herunder interviews og observationer. Andre interesseområder inkluderer faglig ledelse, faglig sparring og teknologibrug i den offentlige forvaltning mere generelt. Mathilde har undervist i offentlig forvaltning på bacheloren i Statskundskab og har desuden afholdt flere oplæg og workshops igennem Kronprins Frederiks Center for Offentlig Ledelse.

Caroline Howard Grøn, Institut for Statskundskab, Aarhus Universitet

Caroline Howard Grøn, Kronprins Frederiks Center for Offentlig Ledelse, Institut for Statskundskab, Aarhus Universitet. Caroline Howard Grøn har en PhD i offentlig forvaltning fra Københavns Universitet og arbejder i dag som lektor på Institut for Statskundskab, Aarhus Universitet. Caroline forsker i offentlig ledelse og styring. Hun har publiceret om emnet både på dansk og internationale tidsskrifter som Review of Public Personnel Administration og Public Management Review og leder pt. forskningsprojektet REPLACE, der undersøger betydningen af digitale medier for ledelse og faglig sparring i fysisk spredte organisationer. Caroline underviser på den fleksible master i offentlige ledelse og er en ofte benyttet foredragsholder.

Referencer

Antonakis, J., & Atwater, L. (2002). Leader distance: A review and a proposed theory. The Leadership Quarterly, 13(6), 673-704. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(02)00155-8

Arvedsen, L. D., & Hassert, L. O. (2020). Accomplishing leadership-in-interaction by mobilizing available information and communication technology objects in a virtual context. Leadership, 16(5), 546-567. https://doi.org/10.1177/1742715020917819

Avolio, B. J., & Kahai, S. S. (2003). Adding the “E” to E-Leadership. Organizational Dynamics, 31(4), 325-338. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0090-2616(02)00133-X

Avolio, B. J., Kahai, S., & Dodge, G. E. (2000). E-leadership: Implications for theory, research, and practice. The Leadership Quarterly, 11(4), 615-668. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(00)00062-X

Avolio, B. J., Sosik, J. J., Kahai, S. S., & Baker, B. (2014). E-leadership: Re-examining transformations in leadership source and transmission. The Leadership Quarterly, 25(1), 105-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.11.003

Bae, K. B., & Kim, D. (2016). The Impact of Decoupling of Telework on Job Satisfaction in U.S. Federal Agencies: Does Gender Matter? The American Review of Public Administration, 46(3), 356-371. https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074016637183

Bailey, D. E., & Kurland, N. B. (2002). A Review of Telework Research: Findings, New Directions, and Lessons for the Study of Modern Work. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23(4), 383-400. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.144

Balthazard, P. A., Waldman, D. A., & Warren, J. E. (2009). Predictors of the emergence of transformational leadership in virtual decision teams. The Leadership Quarterly, 20(5), 651-663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2009.06.008

Bellé, N. (2014). Leading to Make a Difference: A Field Experiment on the Performance Effects of Transformational Leadership, Perceived Social Impact, and Public Service Motivation. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 24(1), 109-136. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mut033

Boell, S. K., Campbell, J., Cecez-Kecmanovic, D., & Cheng, J. E. (2013). The Transformative Nature of Telework: A Review of the Literature. Telework: Advantages, Challenges and Contradictions, 10.

Boyatzis, R. E. (1998). Transforming Qualitative Information: Thematic Analysis and Code Development. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

Bødker, S., & Klokmose, C. N. (2011). The Human–Artifact Model: An Activity Theoretical Approach to Artifact Ecologies. Human–Computer Interaction, 26(4), 315-371. https://doi.org/10.1080/07370024.2011.626709

Cascio, W. F., & Shurygailo, S. (2003). E-Leadership and Virtual Teams. Organizational Dynamics, 31(4), 362-376. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0090-2616(02)00130-4

Daft, R. L., & Lengel, R. H. (1986). Organizational Information Requirements, Media Richness and Structural Design. Management Science (1986-1998); Linthicum, 32(5), 554-571. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.32.5.554

Dahlstrom, T. R. (2013). Telecommuting and Leadership Style. Public Personnel Management, 42(3), 438-451. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091026013495731

Darics, E. (2020). E-Leadership or “How to Be Boss in Instant Messaging?” The Role of Nonverbal Communication. International Journal of Business Communication, 57(1), 3-29. https://doi.org/10.1177/2329488416685068

Edmondson, E. (2020) The fearless organization. Creating psychological safety in the workplace for learning, innovation and growth. Wiley.

Espinosa, J.A., Nan, N., & Carmel, E. (2015). Temporal distance, communication patterns, and task performance in teams. Journal of Management Information Systems, 32(1), 151-191. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2015.1029390

Gibson, C. B., & Cohen, S. G. (2003). Virtual Teams That Work: Creating Conditions for Virtual Team Effectiveness. John Wiley & Sons.

Grodal, S., Nelson, A. J., & Siino, R. M. (2015). Help-Seeking and Help-Giving as an Organizational Routine: Continual Engagement in Innovative Work. Academy of Management Journal, 58(1), 136-168. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2012.0552

Hart, P. ’t, & Tummers, L. (2019). Understanding Public Leadership. Red Globe Press.

Henttonen, K., Johanson, J.E., & Janhonen, M. (2014). Work-team bonding and bridging social networks, team identity and performance effectiveness. Personnel Review, 43(3), 330-349. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-12-2011-0187

Jacobsen, C. B., & Andersen, L. B. (2015). Is Leadership in the Eye of the Beholder? A Study of Intended and Perceived Leadership Practices and Organizational Performance. Public Administration Review, 75(6), 829-841. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12380

Jensen, U. T., Moynihan, D. P., & Salomonsen, H. H. (2018). Communicating the Vision: How Face-to-Face Dialogue Facilitates Transformational Leadership. Public Administration Review, 78(3), 350-361. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12922

Jerolmack, C., & Khan, S. (2014). Talk Is Cheap: Ethnography and the Attitudinal Fallacy. Sociological Methods & Research, 43(2), 178-209. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124114523396

Kim, T., Mullins, L. B., & Yoon, T. (2021). Supervision of Telework: A Key to Organizational Performance. The American Review of Public Administration. https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074021992058

Kommunaldirektørforeningen i Danmark. (2020). Læring af coronakrisen. http://komdir.dk/sites/default/files/2020-06/KOMDIR%20Coronal%C3%A6ring.pdf

Lauritzen, H. H., Kjeldsen, A. M., & Grøn, C. H. (2021). Leadership Matters, But So Do Co-Workers: A Study of the Relative Importance of Transformational Leadership and Team Relations for Employee Outcomes and User Satisfaction. Review of Public Personnel Administration. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X211011618

Lautsch, B. A., Kossek, E. E., & Eaton, S. C. (2009). Supervisory approaches and paradoxes in managing telecommuting implementation. Human Relations, 62(6), 795-827. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726709104543

Ledelseskommissionen. (2018). Sæt borgerne først: Ledelse i den offentlige sektor med fokus på udvikling af driften : Ledelseskommissionens rapport. Ledelseskommissionen.

Mandag Morgen. (2020). Stor undersøgelse: Hjemmearbejde stiller nye krav til ledelse. Altinget. https://www.altinget.dk/arbejdsmarked/artikel/stor-undersoegelsehjemmearbejdestiller-nye-krav-til-ledelse

Møller, A. M., & Harrits, G. S. (2021). Forskningsinterview: En praktisk og metodisk introduktion. Djøf Forlag. https://www.ucviden.dk/da/publications/forskningsinterview-en-praktisk-ogmetodisk-introduktion

Napier, B. J., & Ferris, G. R. (1993). Distance in organizations. Human Resource Management Review, 3(4), 321-357. https://doi.org/10.1016/1053-4822(93)90004-N

Navrbjerg, S. E., & Minbaeva, D. (2020a). Coronakrisen kan revolutionere vores arbejdsliv. https://research.cbs.dk/en/publications/coronakrisen-kan-revolutionere-vores-arbejdsliv

Navrbjerg, S. E., & Minbaeva, D. (2020b). Virtuel ledelse under corona-krisen. https://faos.ku.dk/pdf/Virtuel_Ledelse_Rapport_I_-_de_kvalitative_studier_FINAL_DISTRIBUTED.pdf

Nielsen, P. A., Boye, S., Holten, A.-L., Jacobsen, C. B., & Andersen, L. B. (2019). Are transformational and transactional types of leadership compatible? A two-wave study of employee motivation. Public Administration, 97(2), 413-428. https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12574

Oittinen, T. (2018). Multimodal accomplishment of alignment and affiliation in the local space of distant meetings. Culture and Organization, 24(1), 31-53. https://doi.org/10.1080/14759551.2017.1386189

Rafferty, A. E., & Griffin, M. A. (2006). Refining individualized consideration: Distinguishing developmental leadership and supportive leadership. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 79(1), 37-61. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317905X36731

Roman, A. V., Van Wart, M., Wang, X., Liu, C., Kim, S., & McCarthy, A. (2019). Defining E-leadership as Competence in ICT-Mediated Communications: An Exploratory Assessment. Public Administration Review, 79(6), 853-866. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12980

Salis, S., & Williams, A. M. (2010). Knowledge Sharing through Face-to-Face Communication and Labour Productivity: Evidence from British Workplaces. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 48(2), 436-459. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8543.2009.00762.x

Schulze J, Schultze M, West SG, et al. (2017) The Knowledge, Skills, Abilities, and Other Characteristics Required for Face-to-Face Versus Computer-Mediated Communication: Similar or Distinct Constructs? Journal of Business and Psychology 32(3), 283-300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-016-9465-6

Van Wart, M., Roman, A., Wang, X., & Liu, C. (2017). Integrating ICT adoption issues into (e-)leadership theory. Telematics and Informatics, 34(5), 527-537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2016.11.003

Van Wart, M., Roman, A., Wang, X., & Liu, C. (2019). Operationalizing the definition of e-leadership: Identifying the elements of e-leadership. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 85(1), 80-97. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852316681446

Væksthus for Ledelse. (2013). Nærværende ledelse på afstand: Når der er langt til nærmeste leder. Væksthus for Ledelse.

Yukl, G. A. (2012). Leadership in Organizations (8th edition). Pearson.

Zigurs, I. (2003). Leadership in virtual teams: Oxymoron or opportunity? Organizational Dynamics, 31(4), 339-351. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0090-2616(02)00132-8

Digital distanceledelse – det kræver mere end strøm at holde forbindelsen

Downloads

Publiceret

2022-01-17

Nummer

Årg. 8 (2022)

Sektion

Artikler

Licens

Forfattere, der publicerer i Public Governance Research (PGR), bevarer ophavsretten til deres værker og giver PGR ret til første publicering. Værkerne er omfattet af en CC BY-NC-ND 4.0-licens, der giver andre ret til at dele værkerne under forudsætning af, at der henvises til værkets forfatter(e), og at værket oprindeligt blev publiceret i PGR. Forfattere kan indgå flere separate kontraktlige aftaler om ikke-eksklusiv distribution af tidsskriftets publicerede version af værket (f.eks. udgive det i en bog), med en henvisning til, at artiklen oprindeligt blev publiceret i PGR.